Determining in which pre-arthritis stage HLA-shared epitope alleles and smoking exert their effect on the development of rheumatoid arthritis
Published in Ann Rheum Dis, 2022
The human leukocyte antigen-shared epitope (HLA-SE) alleles and smoking are the most prominent genetic and environmental risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, at which pre-arthritis stage (asymptomatic/symptomatic) they exert their effect is unknown. We aimed to determine whether HLA-SE and smoking are involved in the onset of autoantibody positivity, symptoms (clinically suspect arthralgia (CSA)) and/or progression to clinical arthritis.
Recommended citation: Wouters F, Maurits MP, van Boheemen L, Verstappen M, Mankia K, Matthijssen XME, Dorjée AL, Emery P, Knevel R, van Schaardenburg D, Toes REM, van der Helm-van Mil AHM. (2022) "Determining in which pre-arthritis stage HLA-shared epitope alleles and smoking exert their effect on the development of rheumatoid arthritis" Ann Rheum Dis. 2022 Jan;81(1):48-55. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220546. Epub 2021 Jul 20.
Recommended citation: Wouters F, Maurits MP, van Boheemen L, Verstappen M, Mankia K, Matthijssen XME, Dorjée AL, Emery P, Knevel R, van Schaardenburg D, Toes REM, van der Helm-van Mil AHM. (2022) "Determining in which pre-arthritis stage HLA-shared epitope alleles and smoking exert their effect on the development of rheumatoid arthritis" Ann Rheum Dis. 2022 Jan;81(1):48-55. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220546. Epub 2021 Jul 20.
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